Difficult to Heal Wounds References

1. Diabetic ulcers

Boulton AJ: The diabetic foot. Med Clin North Am 72:1513-1530, 1988

Boulton AJ: The pathogenesis of diabetic foot problems: an overview. 

Diabet Med 13 (suppl): 12-16, 1996.

Bays HE, Pfeifer MA: Peripheral diabetic neuropathy.

Med Clin North Am 72:1439-1464, 1988.

Pecoraro RE, Reiber GE, Burgess EM: Pathways to diabetic limb amputation: basis for prevention. Diabetes Care 513-521, 1990.

Margolis DJ, Kantor J, Berlin JA. Healing of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers receiving standard treatment.  A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 1999:22; 692-5.

Margolis D, Allen-Taylor. Diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers: predicting which ones will not heal.  Am J Med 2003:115; 627-31.

O’Meara S, Nelson E. Systematic reviews and infected diabetics foot ulcers. 

Nurs Stand 2003:18; 61-64.

Shaper N, Apelguest S, Bakker K. The international consensus and practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot.  Curr Diab Rep 2003:3; 475-9.

Fowley E, Veselz N, et al. Wound care for patients with diabetes.

Adv Skin Wound Care 2003:16; 342-352.

Friedman SJ, Su WP: Management of leg ulcers with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing.

Arch Dermatol 120:1329-1336, 1984.

Steed DL.  Clinical evaluation of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor for the treatment of lower extremity diabetic ulcers.  Diabetic ulcer study group.

J Vasc Surg  1995:21: 79-81.

Brem H, Balledux J, Bloom T, Herstein MD, and Hollier L. Healing of diabetic foot ulcers and pressure ulcers with human skin equivalent: a new paradigm in wound healing.

Arch Surg 135, 627-634, 2000.

2. Venous stasis ulcers

Browse N. The cause of venous ulceration. Lancet 1982:2; 243-245.

Falanza V, Kirsner R, et al. Pericapillary fivan cuffs in venous ulceration: persistence with treatment and during ulcer healing. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 18:4-9-414, 1992.

Dodd H, Gaylarde P. Skin oxygen tension in venous insufficiency of the lower leg. 

J R Soc Med 78:373-376, 1985.

Eriksson G, Eldund A. The clinical significance of bacterial growth in venous ulcers. 

Scand J Infect Dis 16:175-180, 1984.

Blalock A. Oxygen content of blood in patients with varicose veins. 

Arch Surg 898-905, 1929.

Bollinger A, Leu AJ, Hoffmann U, Franzeck UK: Microvascular changes in venous disease: An update. Angiology 48:27-32, 1997.

Seamen S. What lies beneath; achieving better outcomes in venous ulcer care. 

Adv Nurs Pract 2003:11; 44-54.

O’Brien JF, Grace PA, Perry JJ, et al. Randomized clinicial trial and econo9mic analysis of four-layer compression bandaging for venous ulcers.

Br J Surg 2003:90; 794-8.

Robson MC, Phillips LG, and Cooper MD. The safety and effect of transforming factor-B2 for the treatment of venous stasis ulcers,  Wound Repair Regen 3: 227-283, 1995.

Demling R, Niezzoda J, et al. Small intestinal submucosa wound matrix and full thickness venous ulcers: preliminary results. Wounds 2004:16; 18-22.

Senet P, Bon FX, Benbunan M, Bussel A, Traineau R, Calvo F, Dubertret L, Dosquet C. Randomized trial and local biological effect of autologous platelets used as adjuvant therapy for chronic venous leg ulcers.  J Vasc Surg 2003: Dec. 38(6): 1342-8.

Phillips T, Manzoor J, et al. The longevity of a bilayer skin substitute after application to venous ulcers. Arch Dermatol 2002:138; 1079-81.

Trengove NJ, Stacey MC, MacAuley S, Bennett N, Gibson J, Burslem F, Murphy G, and Schultz G.  Analysis of the acute and chronic wound environments: the role of proteases and their inhibitors. Wound Repair Regen 7:442-452, 1999.

Agren MS, Eaglstein WH , Ferguson MWJ, Harding KG, Moore K, Saarialho-Kere U and Schultz GS. Causes and effects of the chronic inflammation in venous leg ulcers.  Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh). Suppl 210, 3-17, 2000.

3. Pressure ulcers

Beckrich K, Aronovitch SA. Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers: a comparison of costs in medical vs surgical patients. Nurs Econ 1999:17; 263-271.

Pressure ulcers in America: prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future.  An executive summary of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel monograph.  Adv Skin Wound Care 2001:14; 2008-15.

Allman RM, Gode P, Burst N, Bartolucci AA, Thomas DR.  Pressure ulcers, hospital complications, and disease severity: impact on hospital costs and lengthy of stay. Adv Wound Care 1999:12; 22-30.

Panel on the Predication and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in Adults.  Pressure Ulcers in Adults: Prediction and Prevention.  Clinical Practice Guideline, No. #3. AHCPR Publication No. 92-0047, Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research: May 1992.\

Bergstrom N, Bennett MA, Carlson CE, et al.  Treatment of Pressure Ulcers. Clinical Practice Guideline No. 15.  AHCPR Publication No. 95-0652.  Rockville MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research: December 1994.

Russell L, Reynolds T et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing 2 support surfaces: Results of the prevention of Pressure Ulcers Study. 

Adv Skin Wound Care 2003:16; 327-327.

Bision G. Long term outcomes of full thickness pressure ulcers: healing and mortality.  Ostomy Wound Manage 2003:49; 42-50.

Yager DR, Zhang LY, Liang HX, et al. Wound fluids, from human pressure ulcers contain elevated matrix metalloproteinase levels and activity compared to surgical wound fluids.  J Invest Dermatol 107:743-748, 1996.

Rogers AA, Burnett S, Moore JC, et al. Involvement of proteolytic enzymes-plasminogen activators and matrix metalloproteinases-in the pathophysiology of pressure ulcers.  Wound Repair and Regeneration 3:273-283, 1995.

Landi F, Alos L, et al. Topical treatment of pressure ulcers with nerve growth factor: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 2003:139; 635-641.

Flock P. Pilot study to determine the effectiveness of dramorphine gel to control pressure ulcer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003:25; 547-54.

De S, Reis F, Kerstein M. Wound management with human skin equivalent.

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc.  2002:92, 19-23.

Margolis D, Lewis V. A literature assessment of the use of miscellaneous topical agents, growth factors and skin equivalents for the treatment of pressure ulcers. Dermatol Surg 1995:21; 145-8.

Chronic Wounds